Przegląd sekcji

    • Delivering a successful presentation is not only a matter of mastering the art of public speaking, but also knowing numerous techniques and following various rules on how to make the content attractive to listeners and how to present data in an understandable and transparent way. A lot of presentations are based on data and numbers. Charts, graphs, figures, diagrams and tables can help the speaker deliver an effective presentation since visual content with the correct oral description and potential interpretation helps the audience see, understand and memorize what the presenter is talking about. Apart from deciding on the topic and aims of the presentation, proper organization of the speech and the right kind of language, these are visual aids, body language and effective data presentation which draw and keep the attention of the audience. Visuals fit perfectly for describing trends, making comparisons and showing relationships between two or more items.

      Once you have created a graphical data representation, it is time to know how to describe it. There are a few crucial steps to follow in order to make the description organized, logical and comprehensible to the audience.

      • Inform the listeners about the title and main content of the graph – introduce the graph.

      • Depending on the type of graphical image you have chosen, explain the titles of the axes, the heading of the table, colors where necessary, etc. - the legend is the key element showing what each segment or element represents.

      • The organization of a graph description can have two forms:
        • from the general plot to detailed pieces of information, or the other way round – give an overview and then the details.
        • from details analysis to general issues - give the details and an overview.

      • Follow one of the patterns to organize your speech.

      • Analyze not only the median, but also any extreme values – it makes the description more interesting.

      • Close the description with a final statement, e.g. an interpretation of the relationships, showing the correlation or making a potential forecast based on the data.

      Having decided on a suitable figure and knowing the steps used in descriptions, next it is essential to know how to begin your description. Below there are a few introductory phrases a presenter can use to catch the audience’s attention:

      • As you can see …
      • I’d like to focus your attention on… key/significant areas …
      • I’d like you to look at …
      • If you look at …, you will see / notice …
      • If you look at …, you will understand …
      • It demonstrates …
      • Let me illustrate this with …
      • Let me show you …
      • Let’s have a look at …
      • Let’s turn to …
      • The average … is represented by …
      • The graph shows …
      • To illustrate my point, let’s look at …
      • What you can see is…


      After a short introduction it is important to name each section, module or element. Example phrases are provided below:

      • The (green) colour means …
      • The horizontal axis represents …
      • The shaded area describes …
      • The solid line shows …
      • The vertical axis shows …
      • This colored segment is for…
      • This curve illustrates …


      All in all, the use of graphics during a presentation or public speech increases the attractiveness of the message. Visual displays are very useful for presenting data in an understandable form for the audience. The presenter must, however, take care to choose an appropriate design for the graph, and then efficiently describe it, explain its significance to the audience and interpret it.