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      1. The elements of the speech preparation that we have discussed so far are:
        • Selecting the topic
        • Understanding your audience
        • Choosing the purpose of your speech and a particular pattern
        • Formulating the main idea
        • Gathering and organizing the material to be used
        • Writing the outline and working on the three main parts of your speech

      2. All of the above refer to what you are going to say. Now it is time to think about how you are going to say it.
      3. It does not matter if you are going to speak in your native tongue or in a foreign language. In order to give an interesting public presentation, you need to use language that is clear and appropriate to the topic, audience and occasion. Moreover, to make the speech memorable, you should use phrases that are expressive.
      4. While most people understand basic sayings and stereotypes, it is better to avoid them while speaking. The presentation becomes stilted and sounds artificial with too many of these, and they do not usually enhance your speech at all.